Coherence

A few little exercises to explore the importance of coherence for you. First read through this text in 30 seconds or less:

Belgium's rubbish solution

Councils in England could soon be allowed to charge residents for the amount of rubbish they throw away. When I visited the Flanders town of Lokeren - half-way between Antwerp and Ghent - I was following in the footsteps of environment minister Ben Bradshaw. He went with a team of officials last year to see how this part of Belgium recycles more than 70% of its household waste. In Lokeren itself, the rate is nearly 80% - more than three times that in England as a whole. So how do the Flemish do it? But what effect have "pay as you throw" systems had in other countries?

In Lokeren, it's set at 80 euros (£56). Not long ago the cost of rubbish collection and disposal was "hidden" in the main local tax - as it is in Britain. But a few years ago the Flemish moved to a system where people pay a separate annual waste fee. On top of that, they pay variable charges based on the weight and volume of waste they leave for collection.



By skim reading the text without worrying too much about 100% comprehension, you should note that, like all texts, it's made up of several vocabulary themese (lexical sets) which come together to create the story. In the case of this story, it should be easy to spot that the main lexical sets are BELGIUM, RECYCLING, and OFFICIALDOM / POLITICS. When you've realised that, you can help yourself to get the meaning of any new vocabulary (e.g. Flanders and Flemish must be related to Belgium, household waste to recycling, and envioronment minister to officialdom).

If you got the gist of this article through it's key vocabulary, great, but look again and you'll find that it's not completely COHERENT. That's because I've moved one sentence from each paragraph to a position which it doesn't belong in. Look carefully and then go the BBC website to check the original article here.

Now here's a story including the lexical sets of MEDICINE, LAW, and RELATIONSHIPS. Try to classify any new vocabulary within one of these categories:

Woman's embryo appeal verdict due

She turned to the European courts after exhausting the UK legal process. A woman left infertile after cancer therapy is due to learn a court's final judgement on her plea to use frozen embryos fertilised by an ex-partner. Ms Evans, 35, says her appeal to the Grand Chamber of the European Court is her last chance to have a baby. Natallie Evans, from Trowbridge, Wilts, and Howard Johnston began IVF treatment in 2001 but he withdrew consent for the embryos to be used after they split up.

This time I've mixed the article up completely. Put the sentences in the correct order and then check your thoughts against the original article below. Notice how each sentence contains words and expressions that relate to other sentences. With attention to these, you should be able to see logic to the writer's choice of structure. Again, this is COHERENCE, and attention to this textual feature should help you read and write in English effectively.


Woman's embryo appeal verdict due

A woman left infertile after cancer therapy is due to learn a court's final judgement on her plea to use frozen embryos fertilised by an ex-partner. Natallie Evans, from Trowbridge, Wilts, and Howard Johnston began IVF treatment in 2001 but he withdrew consent for the embryos to be used after they split up. She turned to the European courts after exhausting the UK legal process. Ms Evans, 35, says her appeal to the Grand Chamber of the European Court is her last chance to have a baby.

By the time we looked at this in class, a verdict had actually been reached, which you can read about here.

If you're approaching this the right way, you should be getting used to the style of these articles. Look at the first six sentences of one final article and try to put them into a coherent order:

China slams US piracy complaint

1. By doing so, the US has ignored the Chinese government's immense efforts and great achievements in strengthening intellectual property rights protection and tightening enforcement of its copyright laws," the commissioner added.
2. China "expressed great regret and strong dissatisfaction at the decision", the state news agency said.
3. China has criticised the US over its decision to file a formal complaint with the World Trade Organization over copyright piracy and counterfeiting. The US also argues that China makes it hard for legitimate firms to operate.
4. The Xinhua news agency quoted Intellectual Property Office commissioner Tian Lipu as saying that it was "not a sensible move for the US government to file such a complaint" at the World Trade Organization (WTO).
5. The US says that China's failure to enforce copyright laws is costing software, music and book publishers billions of dollars in lost sales.

Still awake? Check your thoughts against the original text here or go to the BBC website and search the words "China slams" to see how strangely often this lexical combination occurs in the news.